Climate and Soil Requirements
Capsicum thrives in warm to hot temperatures, ideally between 20 degrees Celsius and 30 degrees Celsius. It is a tropical and subtropical crop that requires a frost-free period and well-drained loamy or sandy soils for successful cultivation. The soil should be enriched with organic matter, and its pH level should range from 5.5 to 7.0.
Varieties
Capsicum varieties can be broadly classified into three types based on fruit color: green, red, or yellow. When preparing the land for planting, clear it of weeds or debris and thoroughly plow the fields to make the soil loose and friable. Incorporate well-decomposed organic matter, such as farmyard manure or compost, into the soil.
Propagation
Capsicum is usually propagated through seeds. Start the seeds in nurseries or seed trays filled with a seedling mix. Sow the seeds six to eight weeks before the desired transplanting date. Transplant the seedlings when they have developed four to six true leaves.
Space the plants at a distance of 45 to 60 centimeters between rows and 30 to 45 centimeters between plants. The ideal time for transplanting is during the spring season when the temperature is favorable for growth.
Irrigation
Capsicum plants require regular watering to maintain soil moisture. Drip or sprinkler irrigation systems are commonly used to provide uniform water distribution. Avoid waterlogging, as excessive moisture can lead to diseases. Conduct a soil test before planting to determine the nutrient requirements. Apply organic manure or compost before transplanting and supplement the soil with balanced fertilizers rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium during the growing season.
Weed and Pest Management
Regular weeding is essential to control weed competition. Mulching with organic materials can help suppress weeds and conserve moisture. Monitor the crop regularly for pests like aphids, mites, and whiteflies.
Harvesting
When the fruits have reached the desired size and color and are ready for harvest, do the harvesting manually. Cut the fruits from the plant using a sharp knife or scissors. Proper handling and grading of harvested fruits are essential to maintain quality.
Capsicum farming requires careful attention to crop management practices and timely intervention to ensure healthy plant growth and maximum yield. With proper care and cultivation practices, capsicum farming can be a successful and profitable venture.
