Sorghum Life Cycle 101, How to Grow What Make Best Health Food Nutrition, 5-10 min Nature Crop Plant

Stages 0-5 (vegetative growth) are crucial for the development of sorghum plants and include emergence, 3-leaf, 5-leaf, growing point differentiation, flag leaf visible, and boot. Understanding these stages is essential for proper crop management and achieving optimal yield and quality. The duration of each stage in the sorghum’s life cycle varies depending on factors such as variety, environmental conditions, growing conditions, and the region.

Vegetative growth stage:

Stage 0: Germination and emergence occur when the first leaf (coleoptile leaf) breaks through the soil surface.
Stage 1: The 3-leaf stage happens 10-20 days after emergence, with three fully expanded leaves and the collar of the third leaf visible.
Stage 2: The 5-leaf stage takes place 20-25 days after emergence, characterized by five fully expanded leaves and visible collars.
Stage 3: Growing point differentiation occurs typically 30-40 days after emergence, marking the cessation of new leaf development within the whorl and the definition of potential leaf number.
Stage 4: The flag leaf visible stage is when the flag leaf, the last leaf, becomes visible in the whorl. The head continues to develop, and about 80% of the total leaf area has formed.
Stage 5: The boot stage occurs 50-60 days after emergence and is characterized by the sorghum panicle/head being enclosed within the flag leaf sheath, appearing as a bulge or swelling.

Reproductive growth stage:

Stage 6: The flowering stage is vital for sorghum reproduction, where the rapidly growing panicle/head emerges from the protective flag leaf sheath.
Stage 7: During the soft dough stage, grain development becomes the plant’s main priority, starting soon after flowering and pollination are complete.
Stage 8: The hard dough stage signifies that the grain has reached 75% of its final dry weight, completed most of its nutrient uptake, and acquired its final color.
Stage 9: Physiological maturity (maturity) is achieved when a dark spot/black layer forms on the bottom of the kernel, indicating the maximum dry weight of the grain.

Sorghum is a versatile crop with various applications, including as a source of human food, animal feed, beer production, biofuel, medical uses, and industrial applications. It is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

Sequence from	Sequence to	Description
00:00	00:34	Sorghum is a cereal grain cultivated primarily for its edible seed and is an important staple crop in many parts of the world. The life cycle of sorghum can be divided into two categories, vegetative growth (stages 0-5) which include emergence, 3-leaf, 5-leaf, growing point differentiation, flag leaf visible, and boot.
00:35	01:05	Stages 6-9 are for reproductive growth and include flowering, soft dough, hard dough, and maturity. Germination and emergence are stage 0 and occur when the first leaf (coleoptile leaf) breaks through the soil surface.
01:06	01:38	Stage 1 (3-leaf stage) occurs 10-20 days after emergence where the three leaves ae fully expanded and the collar of the third leaf is visible, and the leaf no longer expands. Because the growing point is still under the soil surface, much of the leaf area can be removed by hail damage without killing the plant.
01:39	02:11	Stage 2 (5-leaf stage) occurs 20-25 days after emergence, where five leaves are fully expanded and the collar of the five leaves is visible. The sorghum plant enters a period of accelerated growth, rapid root system expansion and the stem elongation and thickening.
02:12	02:56	Stage 3(growing point differentiation stage) typically occurs 30-40 days after emergence, and in this stage, new leaf development within the whorl ceases and the potential leaf number is defined. This stage is characterized by rapid stem elongation, leaf development, nutrient uptake, falling off of bottom leaves, and presence of tillers at the base of the plant.
02:57	03:31	During stage 4 (the flag leaf visible), the flag leaf - which is the last leaf - is visible in the whorl, the head continues to develop, and about 80% of the total leaf area has formed. This stage is characterized by rapid stem elongation, leaf area increment, and full expansion of the last 2/3 leaves.
03:32	04:10	Stage 5 (the boot stage) occurs 50-60 days after emergence and is the stage where the sorghum panicle/head is in the flag leaf sheath, where it appears as a bulge or swelling. In this stage, all the leaves have fully expanded, the maximum leaf area is achieved, and the maximum potential head size and seed number are set.
04:11	05:03	Stage 6 (the flowering stage) is for the reproduction of sorghum, where the rapidly growing panicle/head emerges from the protective flag leaf sheath. The plant begins flowering from the top of the panicle and progresses downwards, and as soon as the panicle has completely emerged from the leaf sheath the stamens of the flowers produce the pollen and the stigmas receive the pollen.
05:04	05:49	In stage 7 (soft dough stage), grain is the main priority for the plant and begin forming as soon as flowering and pollination are complete. In this stage, 50% of the grain's final weight has been achieved and the plant moisture content is approximately 65-68%, with the grain being soft, pliable, and having reached maximum height.
05:50	06:27	During stage 8 (hard dough stage), the grain has reached 75% of its final dry weight, its nutrient uptake is almost complete, and has turned its final color. The lower leaves lose functionality due to remobilization of nutrients to the grains and the final yield depends on the rate of grain dry matter accumulation and duration.
06:28	07:14	Sorghum plants achieve stage 9 (physiological maturity) when a dark spot/black layer forms on the bottom of the kernel and the grain achieves maximum dry weight. The plant stops accumulating dry matter and transfers nutrients and energy from the leaves and stem to the grain, varying the moisture content of the grain from 25-35%.
07:15	08:22	The duration of each stage in the sorghum's life cycle depends on the variety, environmental conditions, growing conditions, and the region. Understanding the life cycle is essential for achieving optimal yield and quality, and for proper crop management.
08:23	09:45	Sorghum is an important source of human food, animal food, beer production, biofuel, medical application, and industrial application. It is a great source of carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, essential vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and is gluten free.

Sequence from

Sequence to

Description

00:00

00:34

Sorghum is a cereal grain cultivated primarily for its edible seed and is an important staple crop in many parts of the world. The life cycle of sorghum can be divided into two categories, vegetative growth (stages 0-5) which include emergence, 3-leaf, 5-leaf, growing point differentiation, flag leaf visible, and boot.

00:35

01:05

Stages 6-9 are for reproductive growth and include flowering, soft dough, hard dough, and maturity. Germination and emergence are stage 0 and occur when the first leaf (coleoptile leaf) breaks through the soil surface.

01:06

01:38

Stage 1 (3-leaf stage) occurs 10-20 days after emergence where the three leaves ae fully expanded and the collar of the third leaf is visible, and the leaf no longer expands. Because the growing point is still under the soil surface, much of the leaf area can be removed by hail damage without killing the plant.

01:39

02:11

Stage 2 (5-leaf stage) occurs 20-25 days after emergence, where five leaves are fully expanded and the collar of the five leaves is visible. The sorghum plant enters a period of accelerated growth, rapid root system expansion and the stem elongation and thickening.

02:12

02:56

Stage 3(growing point differentiation stage) typically occurs 30-40 days after emergence, and in this stage, new leaf development within the whorl ceases and the potential leaf number is defined. This stage is characterized by rapid stem elongation, leaf development, nutrient uptake, falling off of bottom leaves, and presence of tillers at the base of the plant.

02:57

03:31

During stage 4 (the flag leaf visible), the flag leaf - which is the last leaf - is visible in the whorl, the head continues to develop, and about 80% of the total leaf area has formed. This stage is characterized by rapid stem elongation, leaf area increment, and full expansion of the last 2/3 leaves.

03:32

04:10

Stage 5 (the boot stage) occurs 50-60 days after emergence and is the stage where the sorghum panicle/head is in the flag leaf sheath, where it appears as a bulge or swelling. In this stage, all the leaves have fully expanded, the maximum leaf area is achieved, and the maximum potential head size and seed number are set.

04:11

05:03

Stage 6 (the flowering stage) is for the reproduction of sorghum, where the rapidly growing panicle/head emerges from the protective flag leaf sheath. The plant begins flowering from the top of the panicle and progresses downwards, and as soon as the panicle has completely emerged from the leaf sheath the stamens of the flowers produce the pollen and the stigmas receive the pollen.

05:04

05:49

In stage 7 (soft dough stage), grain is the main priority for the plant and begin forming as soon as flowering and pollination are complete. In this stage, 50% of the grain's final weight has been achieved and the plant moisture content is approximately 65-68%, with the grain being soft, pliable, and having reached maximum height.

05:50

06:27

During stage 8 (hard dough stage), the grain has reached 75% of its final dry weight, its nutrient uptake is almost complete, and has turned its final color. The lower leaves lose functionality due to remobilization of nutrients to the grains and the final yield depends on the rate of grain dry matter accumulation and duration.

06:28

07:14

Sorghum plants achieve stage 9 (physiological maturity) when a dark spot/black layer forms on the bottom of the kernel and the grain achieves maximum dry weight. The plant stops accumulating dry matter and transfers nutrients and energy from the leaves and stem to the grain, varying the moisture content of the grain from 25-35%.

07:15

08:22

The duration of each stage in the sorghum's life cycle depends on the variety, environmental conditions, growing conditions, and the region. Understanding the life cycle is essential for achieving optimal yield and quality, and for proper crop management.

08:23

09:45

Sorghum is an important source of human food, animal food, beer production, biofuel, medical application, and industrial application. It is a great source of carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, essential vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and is gluten free.

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Sorghum Life Cycle 101, How to Grow What Make Best Health Food Nutrition, 5-10 min Nature Crop Plant

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Vegetative growth stage:

Reproductive growth stage:

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